Assessing sexual maturity of feminized Japanese eel Anguilla japonica by measuring eye size

For efficient production of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica eggs, knowledge of the status of the sexual maturity of potential broodstock females is important because this status directly influences the time required to produce mature eggs by successive hormone doses. Here we apply an eye index (relative eye size) to evaluate the gonadal status of feminized A. japonica, which were induced by administration of estradiol-17β. Examination of gonad somatic and eye indexes of 267 feminized eels, cultivated for 12–56 months, revealed a significant correlation between these two indexes. Artificial maturation of 35 feminized eels showed that the number of hormone injections administered before ovulation was significantly lower as the eye index score increased, indicating availability of this noninvasive method of predicting sexual maturity of feminized eel. There was no correlation between eye index and fertilization rate, hatching rate, or larval survival rate, suggesting that sexual maturity before hormonal treatment does not affect egg quality.     

Effects of feeding regime and probionts on the diverting microbial communities in rotifer Brachionus culture

Rotifer growth performance and microbial community changes associated with rotifer cultures were monitored while different feed types (Nannochloropsis oculata paste and the commercial yeast based feed CS-3000), different regimes (daily changes, changes per batch and no changes) and mixtures of three probionts (Phenylobacterium sp.; Gluconobacter sp. and Paracoccus denitrificans) were provided. It was shown that the dominant bacterial species in the cultures receiving either N. oculata or CS-3000 were different. However, in cultures receiving both feeds (either switching between feeds on a daily basis or on a batch basis), a high similarity in microbial community fingerprint was found. The presence of probionts was detected by the end of four batch culture cycles in spite of strong shifts of the bacterial community. By group discriminant analysis, it was found that Phenylobacterium sp. and Paracoccus sp. contributed positively to the CS-3000-fed group, while Gluconobacter sp. contributed positively to the N. oculata-fed group, although they did not appear as very dominant species.     

Integrated management of irrigation water and fertilizers for wheat crop using field experiments and simulation modeling

The reported study aimed at developing an integrated management strategy for irrigation water and fertilizers in case of wheat crop in a sub-tropical sub-humid region. Field experiments were conducted on wheat crop (cultivar Sonalika) during the years 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005. Each experiment included four fertilizer treatments and three irrigation treatments during the wheat growth period. During the experiment, the irrigation treatments considered were I₁ = 10% maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of available soil water (ASW); I₂ = 40% MAD of ASW; I₃ = 60% MAD of ASW. The fertilizer treatments considered in the experiments were F₁ = control treatment with N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 0:0:0 kg ha⁻¹, F₂ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 80:40:40 kg ha⁻¹; F₃ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 120:60:60 kg ha⁻¹ and F₄ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 160:80:80 kg ha⁻¹. In this study CERES-wheat crop growth model of the DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the growth, development and yield of wheat crop using soil, daily weather and management inputs, to aid farmers and decision makers in developing strategies for effective management of inputs. The results of the investigation revealed that magnitudes of grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI of wheat crop were higher in low volume high frequency irrigation (I₁) than the high volume low frequency irrigation (I₃). The grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI increased with increase in fertilization rate for the wheat crop. The results also revealed that increase in level of fertilization increased water use efficiency (WUE) considerably. However, WUE of the I₂ irrigation schedule was comparatively higher than the I₁ and I₃ irrigation schedules due to higher grain yield per unit use of water. Therefore, irrigation schedule with 40% maximum allowable depletion of available soil water (I₂) could safely be maintained during the non-critical stages to save water without sacrificing the crop yield. Increase in level of fertilization increases the WUE but it will cause environmental problem beyond certain limit. The calibrated CERES-wheat model could predict the grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI of wheat crop with considerable accuracy and therefore can be recommended for decision-making in similar regions.     

桃树养分管理研究进展与展望

从桃树营养需求规律、大中微量元素施肥与桃树生长和抗逆性的关系、适宜桃树施用的肥料和桃树的营养状况诊断等方面,简要综述了国内外近年来的研究现状和进展情况,分析了中国桃树营养管理中存在的主要问题,对今后桃树营养的研究方向和管理策略进行了初步探讨与展望.     

不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质的调控效应

为探明不同施肥方式对糜子营养品质、食味品质和产量的影响，于2019年在山西河曲进行试验，以河曲大红糜子为材料，选用不同配比的有机肥（羊粪）、生物菌肥、尿素和复合肥，研究不同施肥配比对糜子品质和产量的影响。结果表明：不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质性状显著影响，复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）配施显著提高糜子籽粒产量（GY）、净光合速率（P_n）、钙（Ca）和铁（Fe）含量，显著减低直链淀粉含量（AC）；相关性分析发现，籽粒产量（GY）和净光合速率（P_n）呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.82，镁（Mg）与铁（Fe）呈极显著正相关，值为0.68，直链淀粉含量（AC）与醇溶蛋白含量（Gli）、钙（Ca）达到极显著负相关，值分别为-0.66和 -0.50；主成分分析发现，糜子各性状指标分为4个主成分，分别代表糜子食味品质、营养品质、产量指标和蛋白营养品质，综合得分以复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）处理最高，并显著高于其他处理。综上所述，复合肥（187.5 kg·hm^-2）与有机肥（1.5×10 kg·hm^-2）配施是糜子获得优质高产的主要施肥方式。     

黄河故道沙土地夏花生灌溉研究

黄河古道沙土的裸地土壤含水量在正常降水补给下可达到田间持水量的水平，直到１０月时，０－１００ｃｍ土壤含水量仍为１５％。造靠天然降水的对照处理，其土壤含水量在雨水补给下也达到田间持水量水平，在１０月花生收获时０－１００ｃｍ土壤含水量为１４％，不同灌溉处理对花生产量影响不大。     

近代日本的两次立宪及特征

日本自近代以来产生了两部宪法,《明治宪法》确立的天皇制把日本最终变成了世界大战的策源地。战后在特殊的历史条件下,日本制定了新宪法《日本国宪法》,重新选择了治理国家的模式,并实现了经济上的巨大成功。     

施肥对红豆树叶绿素含量影响的研究

采用正交试验法研究NPK复合肥不同施肥方案对红豆树叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明:施肥处理2(N500P200K250)能明显提高红豆树的叶绿素a、b及叶绿素a+b水平,而使叶绿素a/b明显下降;从光合速率和植物抗旱性的提高来说,处理2是本次试验的最佳施肥方案.     

我国甘蔗施肥技术现状与对策

总结了我国甘蔗施肥技术现状及存在的主要问题,并提出了一些提高施肥技术水平的对策。     

用BP神经网络预测地下水动态

地下水系统是一个复杂的随机系统，本文根据地下水位与其影响因素之间存在的映射关键，建立了一个BP人工神经网络模型，并将其用于地下水位的动态预测。实例表明，该方法预测精度较高，具有一定的推广价值。